Skip to main content

Benchmarking

Photo by Alex manlyx on Unsplash

Time to get the hands dirty and do some benchmarking. The goal of Lab6 is to run the different sound volume algorithms described in my last post in the five different machines and compare them.
I talked about the algorithm in the last post, so now it’s time to talk about the machines. Here they are:


AARCHIE
BBETTY
CCHARLIE
ISRAEL
XERXES
OS
Fedora 28
Fedora 31
Fedora 30
Ubuntu 19.04
Fedora 30
Architecture
aarch64
aarch64
aarch64
aarch64
x86_64
CPU(s)
24
8
8
16
8
Thread(s) per core
1
1
1
1
2
Model name
Cortex-A53
Cortex-A57
X-Gene
Cortex-A72
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1630 v4 @ 3.70GHz
L1d cache
32K
-
unknown
32K
32K
L1i cache
32K
-
unknown
48K
32K
L2 cache
256K
-
unknown
1024K
256K
L3 cache
4096K
-
-
-
10240K

Before running anything, we need to make sure to get the time consumed by the algorithm only. So, I’ve to change the code provided to get the initial and final dates at the right time, do the elapsed time math and display it. Here is an example.


To get more accurate data possible, I choose to run each one 100 times. I also put a delay of 5 minutes between executions. Then I set to run around 10 pm to collect the data in the next morning. With the data, I extracted the average elapsed time, along with the fastest and slowest. Here is my script to do the hard work for me.



Here are the results (numbers in milliseconds):



AARCHIE
BBETTY
CCHARLIE
ISRAEL
XERXES
Multiplication Method
Min
7571.00
933.00
1715.00
1455.00
340.00
Max
11548.00
942.00
1722.00
1456.00
394.00
Avg
7622.43
934.68
1716.26
1455.53
353.02
Lookup Table Method
Min
12732.00
1376.00
2220.00
2558.00
268.00
Max
34445.00
1390.00
2574.00
2591.00
348.00
Avg
13083.50
1379.64
2406.17
2572.67
281.33
Binary Math Method
Min
4079.00
782.00
1231.00
503.00
211.00
Max
4442.00
795.00
1237.00
505.00
254.00
Avg
4101.68
782.91
1232.35
503.02
218.30

We can see a difference between the algorithms. The binary math method is faster on all platforms. The surprise here is that the multiplication method performs better in aarch64 than in x86_64. And the lookup the opposite, performing better in the x86_64 than in the aarch64. However, we can't compare between machines due to incompatibility. See you!

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Profiling

Photo by  Jack Millard  on  Unsplash Hi! Do you want to know which part of the code is taking more time to run? Profiling is the technique to collect runtime data that shows exactly that. We did that manually in the previous labs by adding the elapsed time for the function under analysis – this is called instrumentation. The other way is to interrupt the execution multiple times, taking snapshots along the way – this is called sampling. Sampling doesn’t change the binary, but it might not get all data. Let’s say that if a task starts and finishes between the snapshots, we won’t get it in the report. On the other hand, the instrumentation will get everything, but it has to change the executable. As a result, we will not test the final version. We have to keep that in mind to use the right tool for the situation. Speaking about tools, here they are gprof and perf. The gprof does sampling and instrumentation, while perf only does sampling. To use gprof, ...

SIMD - Single Instruction Multiple Data

Photo by  Vladimir Patkachakov  on  Unsplash Hi! Today’s lecture, we learned SIMD - Single Instruction Multiple Data. This is a great tool to process data in a bulk fashion. So, instead of doing one by one, based on the variable size, we can do 16, 8, 4 or 2 at the time. This technique is called auto-vectorization resources, and it falls into the category of machine instruction optimization that I mentioned in my last post. If the machine is SIMD enabled, the compiler can use it when translating a sum loop, for example. If we are summing 8 bits numbers, using SIMD, it will be 16 times faster. However, the compiler can figure that it is not safe to use SIMD due to overlapping or non-aligned data. In fact, the compiler will not apply SIMD in most cases, so we need to get our hands dirty and inject some assembly. I’ll show you how to do it in a second. Here are the lanes of the 128-bit AArch64 Advanced SIMD: 16 x 8 bits 8 x 16 bits 4 x 32 bits 2 x 64 bits 1 x ...

Assembly?

Photo by  Jonas Svidras  on  Unsplash Last week on my SPO course, I had my first experience writing Assembly code. I won’t lie; it was struggling. For me, Assembly is like the Latin of the codding languages and “carpe diem” wasn’t my first lesson. Hexadecimal, binary and a list of instructions is a must know to guarantee survival. Our instructor introduced us to the 6502 processor: it is an old school chip that was used in many home solutions such as PCs and video games. Internally, it has three general-purpose registers, three special-purpose registers, memory and input and output ports. Fortunately, there are emulators on the internet that helps us to focus on the development, hiding the electronic part from us. http://6502.cdot.systems/ Using the emulator, our first task was to copy, paste and execute a piece of code to change the colour of every pixel in the display matrix. That was easy! The result was a yellow screen. Then we were asked t...